Flat Fields
An exposure guide for taking twilight flatfields with large format CCDs. Tyson, Neil D.; Gal, Roy R., vol. 105, no. 3, p. 1206-1212.
Shutter-free flatfielding for CCD detectors. Surma, P. Astronomy and Astrophysics vol. 278, no. 2, p. 654-658 (1993)
Standard Stars
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric System, Fukugita, M.; Ichikawa, T.; Gunn, J. E.; Doi, M.; Shimasaku, K.; Schneider, D. P. , AJ v.111, p.1748 (1996).
The u'g'r'i'z' standard-star system. Smith, J. A. et al., AJ, v. 123, p. 2121 (2002).
UBVRI photometric standard stars in the magnitude range 11.5-16.0 around the celestial equator. Landolt, A.U. AJ, vol. 104, p. 340 (1992).
Photoelectric photometry - an approach to data reduction, Harris,
W.E., Fitzgerald, M.P., Reed, B.C. PASP, vol. 93, p. 507 (1981).
UBVRI passbands. Bessell, M.S. PASP, vol. 102, Oct. 1990, p. 1181-1199 (1990).
Standard Spectroscopy
The importance of atmospheric differential refraction in spectrophotometry. Filippenko, A. V. PASP, vol. 94, p. 715 (1982).
Secondary standard stars for absolute spectrophotometry. Oke, J.B., Gunn, J.E. ApJ, Part 1, vol. 266, Mar. 15, 1983, p. 713-717 (1983).
Nod-and-Shuffle Modes
"Vat-et-Vient" spectroscopy: a new mode for faint object CCD spectroscopy with very large telescopes. Cuillandre, J.C. et al. AA, 281, p. 603 (1994).
Microslit Nod-Shuffle Spectroscopy: A Technique for Achieving Very High Densities of Spectra. Glazebrook, K., Bland-Hawthorn, J. PASP, 113, p. 197, 2001.
Accurate sky subtraction of long-slit spectra: velocity dispersions at surface brightness = 24 mag/arcsec2. Sembach, K.R., Tonry, J.L., AA, 112, p. 797 (1996).
Sky Brightness
A model of the brightness of moonligh. Krisciunas, K.; Schaefer, B. E., PASP, 103, p. 1033 (1991).
Brightness of the night sky over La Palma. Benn. C.R., Ellison, S.L. New Astronomy Reviews, Volume 42, Issue 6-8, p. 503-507 (1998)
A robust algorithm for sky background computation in CCD images. Patat, F. A&A, v.401, p.797-807 (2003)
Optimizing background-limited observing during bright-Moon phases and twilight. Baldry, I.K., Bland-Hawthorn, J. MNRAS, Volume 322, Issue 1, pp. 201-205 (2001).
The 1997 reference of diffuse night sky brightness. Leinert, Ch et al. A&ASp, v.127, p.1-99 (1998).
Sky lines
A flux-calibrated, high-resolution atlas of optical sky emission from UVES. R. W. Hanuschik. A&A 407, 1157-1164 (2003).
ATLAS of OH lines. C. Lidman, J.G. Cuby.P. Rousselot.
Faint Emission Lines in the Blue and Red Spectral Regions of the Night Airglow. D.E. Osterbrock et al. PASP, 112, 733-741 (2000)
Night-Sky High-Resolution Spectral Atlas of OH Emission Lines for Echelle Spectrograph Wavelength Calibration. II. D.E. Osterbrock et al. PASP, 109, 614-627 (1997).
Night-Sky High-Resolution Spectral Atlas of OH and O2 Emission Lines for Echelle Spectrograph Wavelength Calibration. D.E. Osterbrock et al. PASP, 108, 277 (1996).
Keck/HIRES Sky Line Atlas. D.E. Osterbrock et al. VizieR On-line Data Catalog: III/211. Originally published in: 1996, PASP, 108, 277O; 1997, PASP, 109, 614O.
Atmospheric absorption bands.
Observed (low resolution/high resolution) and theoretical. Click here for a textfile table (from a link to the AAO TTF Home Page).
Full and zoomed atmospheric absorption bands. See also a text table listing values at all wavelengths (from a link to the AAO TTF Home Page).
Present and Future MOS instruments:
Last update July 8, 2006, by Héctor Castañeda