As the number and variety of communications satellites proliferate in the rapidly accelerating New Space Age, specialists and lay observers alike have weighed the implications of a crowded orbital environment for astronomical research. The satellite launch tempo has recently increased dramatically, but conflict over the safe use of outer space has a much longer history. This talk will focus on similar debates surrounding experimental communications satellites from the late 1950s and early 1960s, notably a controversial test system known as Project West Ford. Astronomers have long acted as environmental watchdogs for outer space even as the power landscape in the international aerospace industry shifted during the decades since West Ford. What lessons might current astronomers take from past conflicts over the integrity of the night sky to address contemporary and future risk?