Blazars are variable emitters across all wavelengths over a wide range of timescales, from months down to minutes. It is therefore essential to observe blazars simultaneously at different wavelengths, especially in the X-ray and gamma-ray bands, where the broadband spectral energy distributions usually peak. In this work, we report on three “target

For several decades, it has been known that stellar bars in disc galaxies can be triggered by interactions, or by internal processes such as dynamical instabilities. In this work, we explore the differences between these two mechanisms using numerical simulations. We perform two groups of simulations based on isolated galaxies, one group in which a

Context. We recently presented evidence that stable umbra-penumbra boundaries are characterised by a distinct canonical value of the vertical component of the magnetic field, Bstablever. In order to trigger the formation of a penumbra, large inclinations in the magnetic field are necessary. In sunspots, the penumbra develops and establishes by

A series of alkylnaphthalenes, namely 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, 2,6-diethylnaphthalene, 2-ethylnaphthalene and pure naphthalene are not able to form Diels-Alder adducts with C60 fullerene but produce a series of 1:1 charge-transfer complexes (CTC) where the aromatic compounds act as donor and C60 as acceptor. The spectrophotometric analysis of these

Deep imaging is a fundamental tool in the study of the outermost structures of galaxies. We review recent developments in ultra-deep imaging of galaxy disks and haloes, highlighting the technical advances as well as the challenges and summarizing observational results in the context of modern theory and simulations. The deepest modern galaxy

Far infrared and sub-millimeter observations of quasars and normal star forming galaxies at z>6 have revealed the presence of large amounts of dust. At such high redshifts, the inferred 107-109 M_ȯ masses of dust must have formed in less than one billion years. Explaining this rapid chemical evolution is a challenge for both observations and