The study of the Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is a key topic to understand the process of structure formation in the Universe. In this paper, we review a very useful tool to perform this type of analysis, the Rayner & Best smooth tests of goodness of fit. We describe how the method has been adapted for its

The presently accepted "Theory of the Universe" was pioneered 60 years ago by Gamow, Alpher and Herman. As a consequence of the, later dubbed, Hot Big-Bang, matter was neutrons, and after some decay protons, and a history of successive captures built up the elements. It wasn't until some 15 years later (with the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave

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As part of our deep multi-colour survey of two gravitational lensing clusters, Abell 1835 (z=0.252) and AC114 (z=0.312) used to search for very high redshift galaxies we have detected a number of extremely red galaxies (EROs, R-K[s]> 5.6). Following up on our deep optical and near-IR imaging (Richard et al. 2006) we used deep HST/ACS imaging in the

Large HI shells, with diameter of hundreds of pc and expanding with velocities of order 10-20 kms^-1 have been detected in their hundreds in the Milky Way and are well observed features of local gas rich galaxies. These shells could well be predicted as a result of the impact of OB associations on the ISM, but doubt has been cast on this scenario

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