The Kangaroo's First Hop: The Early Fast Cooling Phase of EP250108a/SN 2025kg

Eyles-Ferris, Rob A. J.; Jonker, Peter G.; Levan, Andrew J.; Malesani, Daniele Bjørn; Sarin, Nikhil; Fryer, Christopher L.; Rastinejad, Jillian C.; Burns, Eric; Tanvir, Nial R.; O'Brien, Paul T.; Fong, Wen-fai; Mandel, Ilya; Gompertz, Benjamin P.; Kilpatrick, Charles D.; Bloemen, Steven; Bright, Joe S.; Carotenuto, Francesco; Corcoran, Gregory; Cotter, Laura; Groot, Paul J.; Izzo, Luca; Laskar, Tanmoy; Martin-Carrillo, Antonio; Palmerio, Jesse; Ravasio, Maria E.; van Roestel, Jan; Saccardi, Andrea; Starling, Rhaana L. C.; Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh; Vergani, Susanna D.; Vreeswijk, Paul M.; Bauer, Franz E.; Campana, Sergio; Chacón, Jennifer A.; Chrimes, Ashley A.; Covino, Stefano; van Dalen, Joyce N. D.; D'Elia, Valerio; De Pasquale, Massimiliano; Habeeb, Nusrin; Hartmann, Dieter H.; van Hoof, Agnes P. C.; Jakobsson, Páll; Julakanti, Yashaswi; Leloudas, Giorgos; Mata Sánchez, Daniel; Nixon, Christopher J.; Pieterse, Daniëlle L. A.; Pugliese, Giovanna; Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan; Rayson, Ben C.; Salvaterra, Ruben; Schneider, Ben; Torres, Manuel A. P.; Zafar, Tayyaba
Bibliographical reference

The Astrophysical Journal

Advertised on:
7
2025
Number of authors
55
IAC number of authors
2
Citations
23
Refereed citations
19
Description
Fast X-ray transients are a rare and poorly understood population of events. Previously difficult to detect in real time, the launch of the Einstein Probe with its Wide-field X-ray Telescope has led to a rapid expansionof the sample and allowed the exploration of these transients across the electromagnetic spectrum. EP250108a is a recently detected example linked to an optical counterpart, SN 2025kg, or "the kangaroo." Together with a companion Letter we present our observing campaign and analysis of this event. In this letter, we focus on the early evolution of the optical counterpart over the first 6 days, including our measurement of the redshift of z = 0.17641. We compare to other supernovae and fast transients showing similar features, finding significant similarities with SN 2006aj and SN 2020bvc, and show that the source is well modelled by a rapidly expanding cooling blackbody. We show the observed X-ray and radio properties are consistent with a collapsar-powered jet that is low energy (≲1051 erg) and/or fails to break out of the dense material surrounding it. While we examine the possibility that the optical emission emerges from the shock produced as the supernova ejecta expand into a dense shell of circumstellar material, due to our X-ray and radio inferences, we favour a model where it arises from a shocked cocoon resulting from a trapped jet. This makes SN 2025 one of the few examples of this currently observationally rare event.
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