Context. Analysing the large-scale structure (LSS) in the Universe with galaxy surveys demands accurate structure formation models. Such models should ideally be fast and have a clear theoretical framework in order to rapidly scan a variety of cosmological parameter spaces without requiring large training data sets. Aims: This study aims to extend

We investigate the main physical mechanisms that shape the intensity and polarization of the Ba II D 1 line at 4934 Å via radiative transfer numerical experiments. We focus especially on the scattering linear polarization arising from the spectral structure of the anisotropic radiation in the wavelength interval spanned by the line's hyperfine

Context. Recent integral-field spectroscopy observations of edge-on galaxies have led to significant progress in our knowledge of the ages and chemical compositions of thick disks. However, the origin of thick disks and their evolutionary connection with thin disks is still a matter of debate. Aims: We provide new insights into this topic by