Division II provides a forum for astronomers studying a wide range of problems related to the structure, radiation and activity of the Sun, and its interaction with the Earth and the rest of the solar system.

Galaxies are not distributed randomly throughout space but are instead arranged in an intricate "cosmic web" of filaments and walls surrounding bubble-like voids. There is still no compelling observational evidence of a link between the structure of the cosmic web and how galaxies form within it. However, such a connection is expected on the basis

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We present observations with the new 11-GHz radiometer of the COSMOSOMAS experiment at the Teide Observatory (Tenerife). The sky region between 0°

We review some of the statistical properties of higher-dimensional superstatistical stochastic models. As an example, we analyse the stochastic properties of a superstatistical model of 3-dimensional Lagrangian turbulence, and compare with experimental data. Excellent agreement is obtained for various measured quantities, such as acceleration

Star formation rates (SFRs) of galaxies are commonly calculated by converting the measured Hα luminosities (LHα) into current SFRs. This conversion is based on a constant initial mass function (IMF) independent of the total SFR. As was recently recognized, the maximum stellar mass in a star cluster is limited by the embedded total cluster mass and