Context. Galaxy sizes are a key parameter to distinguish between different galaxy types and morphologies, which in turn reflect distinct formation and assembly histories. Several methods have been proposed to define the boundaries of galaxies, often relying on light concentration or isophotal densities. However, these approaches are often

Aims. The main goal of this paper is to present an accurate and efficient numerical strategy for solving the radiative transfer problem for polarised radiation in strong resonance lines forming out of local thermodynamic equilibrium while taking angle-dependent partial frequency redistribution (PRD) effects and J-state interference into account. We

We provide a purely dynamical global map of the non-axisymmetric structure of the Milky Way disk. For this, we exploited the information contained within the in-plane motions of disk stars from Gaia DR3 to adjust a model of the Galactic potential, including a detailed parametric form for the bar and spiral arms. We explored the parameter space of

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), critical for studying cosmic expansion, arise from thermonuclear explosions of white dwarfs, but their precise progenitor pathways remain unclear. Growing evidence supports the "double-degenerate scenario," where two white dwarfs interact. The absence of nondegenerate companions capable of explaining the observed SN Ia

We report JWST NIRSpec/G395H observations of TOI-1685 b, a hot rocky super-Earth orbiting an M2.5V star, during a full orbit. We obtain transmission and emission spectra of the planet and characterize the properties of the phase curve, including its amplitude and offset. The transmission spectrum rules out clear H 2-dominated atmospheres, while

The CO(1–0) and [C I](1–0) emission lines are well-established tracers of cold molecular gas mass in local galaxies. At high redshift, where the interstellar medium is likely to be denser, there have been limited direct comparisons of both ground-state transitions. We present a comparison of [C I](1–0) and CO(1–0) emission in 20 unlensed dusty