Aims: We present a study of the statistical properties of three velocity dispersion and mass estimators: biweight, gapper, and standard deviation for a small number of galaxies (N gal ≤ 75). Methods: Using a set of 73 numerically simulated galaxy clusters, we first characterised the statistical bias and the variance for each one of the three

The inner main belt asteroid (4) Vesta, with a diameter of about 525 km, is the largest differentiated asteroid showing a basaltic crust [1]. The collisional family of Vesta includes more than 15,000 known members [2] and it is considered the main source of basaltic material. The results found by the Dawn mission support the hypothesis that this

The spectral analysis and data products in Data Release 16 (DR16; 2019 December) from the high-resolution near-infrared Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)-2/Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV survey are described. Compared to the previous APOGEE data release (DR14; 2017 July), APOGEE DR16 includes about 200,000 new

Aims: Flip-flops are top-hat-like X-ray flux variations, which have been observed in some transient accreting black hole binary systems, and feature simultaneous changes in the spectral hardness and the power density spectrum (PDS). They occur at a crucial time in the evolution of these systems, when the accretion disc emission starts to dominate

We compile published spectroscopic data and [O III] magnitudes of almost 500 extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe) in 13 galaxies of various masses and morphological types. This is the first paper of a series that aims to analyse the PN populations and their progenitors in these galaxies. Although the samples are not complete or homogeneous, we

We have applied stellar population synthesis to 500-pc-sized regions in a sample of 102 galaxy discs observed with the MUSE spectrograph. We derived the star formation history and analyse specifically the 'recent' ( $20\,\rm {Myr}$ ) and 'past' ( $570\,\rm {Myr}$ ) age bins. Using a star formation self-regulator model, we can derive local mass