INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics VIII. Emission lines and UV colours in ultracompact massive galaxies

Spiniello, Chiara; Radovich, Mario; Ferré-Mateu, Anna; De Propris, Roberto; Arnaboldi, Magda; La Barbera, Francesco; Hartke, Johanna; D'Ago, Giuseppe; Tortora, Crescenzo; Bevacqua, Davide; Maksymowicz-Maciata, Michalina; Mills, John; Napolitano, Nicola R.; Pulsoni, Claudia; Saracco, Paolo; Scognamiglio, Diana
Bibliographical reference

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Advertised on:
5
2025
Number of authors
16
IAC number of authors
1
Citations
0
Refereed citations
0
Description
We report the discovery of emission lines in the optical spectra of ultracompact massive galaxies (UCMGs) from INSPIRE including relics, which are the oldest galaxies in the Universe. Emission-lines diagnostic diagrams suggest that all these UCMGs, independently of their star formation histories, are 'retired galaxies'. They are inconsistent with being star-forming but lie in the same region of shock-driven emissions or photoionization models, incorporating the contribution from post-asymptotic giant branch (pAGB) stars. Furthermore, all but one INSPIRE objects have a high [O II]/H$\alpha$ ratio, resembling what has been reported for normal-size red and dead galaxies. The remaining object (J1142+0012) is the only one to show clear evidence for strong active galactic nucleus activity from its spectrum. We also provide near-UV (far-UV) fluxes for 20 (5) INSPIRE objects that match in GALEX. Their ${\rm NUV}-r$ colours are consistent with those of galaxies lying in the UV green valley, but also with the presence of recently ($\le 0.5$ Gyr) formed stars at the sub-per cent fraction level. This central recent star formation could have been ignited by gas that was originally ejected during the pAGB phases and then re-compressed and brought to the core by the ram-pressure stripping of Planetary Nebula envelopes. Once in the centre, it can be shocked and re-emit spectral lines.
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