Optics-based observational astronomy has long been a cornerstone in cosmic exploration. Computational optics offer promising solutions to persistent challenges such as aberrations, atmospheric turbulence, and low-throughput spectral acquisition etc. This talk introduces a light-field meta-imaging sensor with digital adaptive optics, achieving aberration-corrected imaging across a 1,100-arcsecond field of view on an 80-cm telescope. It also enables wide-field observation and prediction of atmospheric turbulence at 30 Hz. Next, a pico-resolved broadband snapshot spectroscopy is presented. It captures 4D shockwave propagation during a solar flare eruption using a 1-meter solar telescope, and acquires gigapixel hyperspectral images of galaxies 35 million light-years away in tens of seconds using a 2.16-meter telescope. Applications range from turbulence correction to solar videography and dark matter detection pointing toward a computationally empowered future for astronomical imaging.