The GAPS programme at TNG: LXXVI. TOI-1533: A compact system hosting a super-Neptune-mass pair with disparate radii

Mantovan, G.; Nascimbeni, V.; Desidera, S.; Malavolta, L.; Lissauer, J. J.; Leonardi, P.; Azevedo Silva, T.; Guerra, C.; Polychroni, D.; Borsato, L.; Baratella, M.; Biazzo, K.; Nardiello, D.; Collins, K. A.; Damasso, M.; De Leon, J.; Everett, M. E.; Gandolfi, D.; Giacalone, S.; Naponiello, L.; Piotto, G.; Scandariato, G.; Stassun, K.; Yee, S. W.; Affer, L.; Amadori, F.; Bignamini, A.; Colombo, S.; D'Arpa, M.; Dressing, C. D.; Fukui, A.; Ghedina, A.; Higuera, J.; Ikuta, K.; Kawauchi; Korth, J.; Lorenzi, V.; Mancini, L.; Mori, M.; Murgas, F.; Narita, N.; Palle, E.; Parviainen, H.; Ruggieri, A.; Savel, A.; Schwarz, R. P.; Shporer, A.; Srdoc, G.; Stockdale; Watanabe, D.; Zambelli, R.; Zingales, T.
Referencia bibliográfica

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Fecha de publicación:
9
2026
Número de autores
52
Número de autores del IAC
6
Número de citas
1
Número de citas referidas
0
Descripción
The present-day architecture of planetary systems contains information about their formation and migration histories. The origin of hot Jupiters (HJs; P ≲ 10 d, Rp > 8 R⊕) has long been a matter of debate. While most of them are found to be `lonely', there is a rare population of HJs hosting small inner-orbit companions (eight known as of May 2026). Their peculiar architecture suggests a gentle disc-migration mechanism. In this study, we present the discovery and characterisation of the multi-planet system TOI-1533, comprising an inner sub-Neptune (TOI-1533 b, Porb = 3.63 d, Rp = 3.15 R⊕) and an outer hot giant planet (TOI-1533 c, Porb = 8.06 d, Rp > 7.5 R⊕) with substantial H/He by mass (ρp < 0.48 g cm-3), both transiting an active K-dwarf star (Teff ≈ 5130 K; V (mag) ≈ 11). Our joint modelling of stellar activity and planetary signals from radial velocities (HARPS-N) and transits (TESS) allowed us to detect the planetary Keplerian signals (approximately 10 σ) and isolate the stellar modulation. The inclusion of simultaneous photometry in the multi-dimensional Gaussian processes formalism was a fundamental addition to the spectroscopic activity indicators, enabling the disentanglement of stellar activity from planetary signals. The mass ratio of the two confirmed planets (Mb/Mc about 0.8), together with the super-Neptune mass of the large outer companion (Mc ≈ 40 M⊕), makes this system unusual compared to the other known HJs with low-mass inner companions.